Problems caused by US subprime mortgage woes are mounting as more hedge funds reveal they have taken a hammering. Bear Stearns, the largest broker for US hedge funds, has had three of them damaged by the subprime crisis and has prevented investors from pulling money out of one fund. The meltdown began when borrowers with poor credit ratings were unable to keep up with mortgage payments, causing significant losses for institutional investors like hedge funds, and mortgage providers fell into financial difficulties as banks turned cautious on providing easy funding.
The knock-on effect has hit financial markets and threatens to squeeze global liquidity as investors flee corporate bonds and seek safe havens such as government bonds.
A decade after the Asian financial crisis, nerves are jangling in case the subprime troubles could end the bull run that has seen equities soar in Hong Kong and other Asian markets.
Core Pacific-Yamaichi International research director Alex Tang Yee-yuk is in the camp that believes that Hong Kong could become a bear market.
HSBC (0005) and Hang Seng Bank (0011) have announced strong results, and good numbers are expected from mainland banks and insurers, earnings that normally would inspire confidence.
But under a subprime cloud, investors have started to look for clues about the second half and the first half of next year as the reporting season gets underway this month, Tang said.
"The strong growth of mainland companies came largely from investment incomes from the stock market and initial public offerings," he said.
If the A shares don't rise as fast as in the first half, or head for a correction, this could weigh on the earnings of companies, he believes.
Tang worries that the subprime crisis will worsen if the US housing market shows no signs of recovery.
The problem of subprime lending delinquencies shook investors' confidence after HSBC revealed on February 8 that its exposure to subprime lending caused it to set aside US$10.6 billion (HK$82.68 billion) for bad debts and other risk provisions, 20 percent more than analysts expected.
It was the collapse of Bear Stearns' High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Fund and its High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced Leverage Fund in early July that started the avalanche of subprime fear.
From the United States to Australia to Germany to Taiwan to China, financial institutions like banks, insurers and brokers have posted losses from subprime-related investment.
Taiwan Life Insurance, for example, has been hit by the subprime fallout through its investment in one of Bear Stearns' hedge funds.
The insurer needs to make a provision of US$13 million in its first-half results.
Bank of China (3988) and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (1398) also said they have small subprime securities investments. BOC plans to make a small provision for the loss in its first-half report.
Confidence in the United States has also been shaken because leveraged buyout activities may slow because of the credit crunch.
It is feared the problem could spread, hurting the economy and company earnings.
Global equity markets began to correct in late July. The Hong Kong market went into free fall on Wednesday plunging 729 points for the day after a 641-point drop the previous Friday.
However, some analysts believe Asia could eventually benefit from the US troubles.
"Funds leaving the US markets may come to the emerging markets in the region. This is a positive for local shares," said Daiwa Asset Management portfolio manager Mona Chung.
Even if the subprime crisis took its toll on the US economy, this would have limited impact on Hong Kong- listed companies, and especially mainland companies as there was only an indirect relationship between the companies and the US economy, she said.
"Most of the companies like the big caps and H shares such as telecoms, insurance and oil stocks are not export based but domestic consumption based."
Chung said the subprime spillover effects would be short term. Later, lots of investment cash would arrive.
Aberdeen Asset Management Asian equities investment manager Nicholas Yeo said: "Over the long term, we are still cautiously optimistic of the performance of the companies in terms of earnings that will come out in the next few quarters.
"Of course there is always the risk [from the United States], always the concern that the subprime issue may spread to affect consumer sentiment. That would affect the export markets in Asia." There would be a knock-on effect in Hong Kong.
As China had emerged to be a leading engine in Asia, while the European economies had decoupled from the United States to an extent, the Asian economies could stand firm even with a weak US economy. A serious downturn in the United States could still create problems for Asia, but at the moment the possibility is not very high yet, Yeo said.
Chung agreed, but added: "If there is really something hidden which has not yet surfaced, the implications may be much greater."
Chung believes the reversal of Japan's yen carry trade which was sparked by the lowering of risk appetite due to the subprime fallout may be close to an end.
Investors who borrowed cheap yen to plow into high-yielding assets elsewhere like emerging markets have been unwinding their positions over the past few days.
The currency rose from 120 per US dollar to 118 at the end of last month, which coincided with the correction in the global equity markets.
Tang expects the correction of the Hong Kong market will extend into September.
Lots of institutional investors accumulated shares ahead of results announcements over the past four to five months as they believed many companies would report good numbers. When the results come out as expected, there will be selling on good news and profit-taking activities will continue, he said.
If the fundamentals worsened, the bear would enter the Hong Kong market soon. But so far corporate earnings were good, and the fundamentals of Hong Kong and China were strong.
It was possible the market could move even higher. But he warned that if every rebound was unable to climb back to the previous level, selling pressure could escalate.
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